Week 3 Storytelling: Hanuman and the Mountain

It's a generally accepted rule that traffic in the city will always be at its worst precisely when you need to get somewhere in a hurry. This was certainly the case for Dr. Han Uman, the newest resident physician at Sacred Flower Hospital, one of the largest medical facilities in Uptown Manhattan. It was his first day on the job; fresh-faced and just out of med school, he couldn't wait to begin practicing. Of course, being the lowest on the metaphorical totem pole made him, in a practical sense, less of a doctor and more of an intern. His first task was unequivocally mundane: a shipment of medications meant for Sacred Flower had been incorrectly delivered to St. Himalaya's Hospital on the other side of the city, and no one else could be bothered to go pick it up. He hopped in his car, an old pick-up truck he had been given by his father, and started making his way downtown. After maybe four or five minutes, his phone started ringing; it was the hospital.

"Hello? This is Dr. Uman."

A woman's voice spoke, textured by age "Han, this is Vibi, I run the pharmacy. I've been told by the director that there are some time-sensitive materials in the delivery. We had missed it the first time we looked through the shipping statement, and we need you to hurry back as soon as you can." She took a breath, hesitant, "Without those medications, some of our patients' conditions could dramatically worsen. I don't mean to alarm you but this is a rather critical situation."

The urgency in her voice washed over Han like a cold wave. "Understood. I'll make it back on time"

The drive to St. Himalaya's was entirely uneventful. It was early morning and the city was still waking up. He walked into the lobby, talked to the secretary at the desk, and made a beeline to the pharmacy. The old man at the desk was less expedient than Han would have liked, but he didn't have time to complain. He rushed back to his truck just in time to find it being towed away. Unbeknownst to Han, the parking attendant had assumed the elderly vehicle had died in the parking lot and was forsaken by its owner. Han, being someone who had always struggled with the idea of keeping calm in the face of adversity, spotted an EMT heading towards one of the parked ambulances, and ran over to him. It had never occurred to Han to try explaining the situation; rather, he took the keys out of the man's hands, jumped in the ambulance and never stopped to look back.

At this time, most of the city's commuters were making their way to work (or more commonly, coffee and then work) and the roads were packed with cars. In theory, an ambulance should be able to make to maneuver through traffic with relative ease; in practice, this cannot be done when hundreds of cars are bumper-to-bumper in every lane. Han, after briefly considering driving on the sidewalk, jumped out of his stolen vehicle and began bobbing and weaving through the cars, carrying the medicine in a bag slung over his shoulder.

(To be continued)

 

Hanuman and the mountain; Source: wikimedia

   Author's note: This is a retelling of "Hanuman and the Mountain," as taken from Myths of Hindus and Buddhists by Sister Nivedita in 1914. This story immediately reminded me of the medical dramas on TV so I thought I would give it a new modern twist. I tried to incorporate some references to the original story with the names of the hospitals and characters, and I tried to preserve Hanuman's characteristic rashness. The essence of the story is the same: Hanuman has to overcome a number of obstacles to get some sort of medicine to heal the troops of Rama (or in this case, the patients at the hospital) and manages to do so with a mix of skill and well-placed frustration. I chose this image less so because it relates to my story and more because the huge monument shows the importance and popularity of this tale within India. I wanted to make this fantastic, almost absurd story and its supernatural elements more easily relatable to a contemporary audience. Also, I decided to leave the story on a cliff hanger because it seemed really fitting for the medical drama setting...also I was going to go over the word limit for this assigment, and thought it was a good place to break off the story.

Reading Diary B: Public Domain Ramayana

Today marks the conclusion to the Ramayana, and I have to say it definitely feels like a grand finale to the story. We see the final battle between Ravana and his forces and the allies of Rama, and this takes up roughly half of the reading. The battle was really exciting because it brought back so many of the other minor characters that we've met throughout the story, and it was much more drawn out and tumultuous than the other battles portrayed throughout the story. While the outcome may have been a rather obvious outcome, it was still exciting to read through the story and watch the action unfold.

Sita's trial by fire; Source: wikimedia

The second part of the readings focused on the aftermath of the battle, which was mostly about what to do with Sita, after she was dishonored by being forced to live with Ravana. Rama says he cannot allow her to continue to be his wife as it would bring him dishonor, so she asks for a trial by fire to prove her innocence. On the one hand, this is terribly misogynistic and hints at the valuing of women as only sexual objects, as Sita's entire worth and value seems to be determined by if she was faithful to Rama or not. However, going through the trial of fire and attempting to appease the gods to show her innocence was the most characterization she's shown in the whole story, so I'll take it. The epilogue stories concerning Rama's sons and the exile of Sita seem a bit extraneous, but the final chapter was a nice way to tie everything up and end the story.  

Reading Diary A: Public Domain Ramayana

This section of reading had a lot of action in, definitely more than in the previous readings. We're also introduced to Hanuman, a follower of Rama who is arguably the most important character of this section.

11th century statue of Hanuman; Source: wikimedia

The first part that really stuck out to me from this set of readings was the description of the battle between the monkey king Sugriva and his brother Vali. Not only was the battle very dramatic and much longer than other fights/conflicts we've seen thus far in the texts, it also seemed to place a lot of emphasis on the role of Tara, the wife of Vali. Tara was trying to calm the two, and ultimately failed, but the text talks about her calm demeanor and wisdom. It's just striking to me that she is portrayed as such when it seems like most descriptions of female characters are almost non-existent or focus only on the beauty and grace of the character. 

I also really enjoyed the adventures of Hanuman in Lanka, the kingdom of Ravana and the Rakshasa. Like all of the other named animal characters, he is very clearly portrayed as having human attributes and intelligence, but a lot of his actions seem to show the capriciousness one would associate with a monkey, such as running around and burning the whole city to the ground while his tail is on fire, and then realizing that he might have accidentally hurt or killed Sita. Another example of this would be when he jumped three thousand leagues into the sky because he thought the sun was a piece of fruit. I'd really like to hear more stories about Hanuman, because he seems like such an interesting character, and maybe a bit more nuanced than Rama (who is always the strongest/most righteous/most moral/etc)  

Storybook Topics

1. Possible Topic: Temples/Sacred Sites of India. The spiritual aspects of the Ramayana are some of the most interesting characteristics of the story because they give a deeper insight into the complex belief system of Hinduism. This storybook would focus on multiple major temples and sacred sites across India and the stories surrounding their histories. I think this would be an interesting and different way of looking at the stories.
Research so far: I've started going through the wikipedia article on Hindu pilgrimage sites, and I've been looking around for other articles on the more major locations like the Ganges. I need to find and pick the specific stories for the more minor sites and temples.

Kandariya Mahadeo Temple; Source: Wikimedia commons

2. Possible Topic: Gurus, yogis, and wisemen. The character of the "warrior-sage" is a really interesting trope and again, the role of these characters is really important in the stories and in Indian society. I think I could do some really creative things by re-imagining the characters in the epics in different contexts. The storybook I'm thinking of doing would be composed of different stories of various sages.
Research so far: I've read through some of the broader wikipedia pages talking about gurus and yogis in general, but I've not yet started going through the stories of specific characters. I know there is a pretty good list on the blog, and I'll see where that takes me to get ideas for specific stories.

3. Possible Topic: Ravana and the Rakshasas. The Rakshasa as a whole seem to be very interesting and unique monsters when compared to the more familiar creatures of Western mythology. Moreover, they seem to be more complicated and multifaceted: someone can be cursed to be a Rakshasa and sometimes these Rakshasa aren't necessarily evil. There's a lot of different stories involving the Rakshasa so I think there would be more than enough material to make a really great storybook.
Research so far: Again, I've looked at the information on wikipedia about Rakshasa as whole, but I've not yet looked through the specific stories for those who are not directly mentioned in the Ramayana. I feel like I'm fairly familiar with Ravana and his family, but I'd really like to learn more about the others, specifically those who weren't evil.

4. Possible Topic: Epic Battles. If the Ramayana is any indication, the mythology of India is filled with a number of breath-taking battles. These scenes are some of the most interesting sections for me, as they always involve two larger-than-life characters fighting for good or evil. In reinterpreting these scenes and the characters involved, or just in expanding the scope of these battles by exploring the backgrounds of the characters or the "what-happens-next" I think I could  come up with some very interesting takes on these stories.
Research so far:This is probably the one that I've done the least research on. I'm familiar with all of the battles we've seen thus far in the readings, but I feel like I need to look more into the mythology to find other great examples of big battles. It feels like each of these battles might refer to some lesson or moral, or just some kind of bigger message at all, so maybe that would be an interesting take on these stories.

Week 2 Storytelling: The Breaking of the Bow

Rama and Lakshmana had only just arrived to the city of Mithila when they took their leave of the sage Vishvamitra. The main road had led them directly into a busy market square- dozens of tiny improvised stalls packed next to each other, vendors hawking goods and foods of all kinds, and a constant mass of moving, chattering patrons. This was a welcome sight for the brothers, who were tired and out of supplies after battling the rakshasas in the forest. Rama left Lakshmana to haggle with the local merchants while he walked down one of the winding side streets. He made his way further into the heart of the city and found himself on a hill overlooking the palace. A young woman with dark hair and plain clothes was sitting in the grass, watching him watch her.

"Are you lost, sir?"

"No, I've only just arrived. It's too soon to be lost, wouldn't you say?"

"One might say lost is about the only thing you can be, in that case." The young woman smiled at Rama. There was pretense of politeness, but he noticed the mischievous glint in her eye. "What brings you to Mithila, sir?"

Rama cleared his throat and explained,"My brother and I are sons of the great maharajah Dasharatha. A great sage asked us to battle the dark rakshasas in the forests, and our travels have brought us here."

"Ah, so you must be the amazing Rama everyone has been talking about? How fortunate I must be to welcome you to our fine city."

Rama could tell the girl was trying to fluster him. "I appreciate your kindness, Miss, but would you have any idea how we might be able to meet with King Janaka?"

"Ah, yes, the king. Well, the word around town is he will be holding a public gathering tomorrow in front of the palace. I'm sure you'll be able to speak with him then. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have a number of things to do and surprisingly few of them have anything to do with sitting here and talking to you."

Before Rama could say another word, the young woman had stood up and made her way back towards the city. That night, Rama met with Lakshmana and Vishvamitra to discuss their plans. The three decided that they would try to meet with the king during this public forum. The next morning, the three readied themselves and made their way to the palace.

When they arrived, it seemed as if the entire city had gathered to watch the proceedings. In a clearing in the center of the crowd sat an older-looking man in finely adorned clothes who must have been the king. He held in his hand a shining golden bow. After a few moments, the man stood up, and a sudden silence swept through the crowd. "I have called a gathering today to find a suitable husband for my daughter, the princess Sita. She is a noble and graceful woman, and only the strongest warrior deserves her hand and my favor." He held up the bow." This is the bow of the powerful god Shiva. He who can snap this bow in twain shall be declared the strongest warrior in all the lands. All are welcome to try their strength!"

Every man in the crowd made his way forward, one after one, to try breaking the golden bow. Most were strong and had the clear markings of warriors, but despite all efforts, the bow would not break. Finally, Rama stepped forward to try his hand. He strung the bow, and tossed it back and forth from one hand to the next, testing its weight. Finally, he took both ends into his hands and bent the bow back as far as he could. The ends of the bow were almost touching, and it was a marked improvement over his competitors, but despite his incredible prowess, Rama could not break it. He tossed the bow down in disgust and stepped back into the crowd.

A few moments later, a small hooded figure wrapped in a dark cloak stepped past Rama and into the center of the crowd. He picked up the bow and held it at a distance, examining it. Suddenly, almost too fast to see, the figure pinned one end of the bow to the ground and bent the other back with both hands. The cracking of the bow echoed off the stone walls of the palace walls, and the crowd began cheering. The king stepped forward to congratulate the new champion.

"You, sir, possess the strength of more than a hundred men. Only you are worthy of being my daughter's keeper."

"I must say I'm rather glad to hear that, father," and with a deft motion, the figure pulled back her hood and cloak, revealing not a man, but a young woman. Rama recognized her instantly as the girl from the day before.

"Let it be known that it was the wit and strength of a woman who broke the bow, and I, Princess Sita of Mithila, am bound to no one. Father, you will let me choose my own husband, and this choice shall not be questioned." The king, still in shock over the current proceedings, could only nod his agreement.

"Where is the one named Rama? He who is righteous and possessed with a divine grace, he shall be my husband, my partner and equal."

Rama stepped forward to meet his new bride."Princess, I must admit, I had no idea who you were when we met yesterday. I did not come here to win your hand but I would be honored to be your husband."

That same mischievous glint flashed in her eyes again."Rama, the rest of these suitors gathered in the city for the sole purpose of winning my hand. But you are here out of circumstance. One might say it's the will of the gods."

The breaking of the bow; Illustration by Evelyn Paul

Author's Note: This story is a mix of two separate parts of the Ramayana, "Sita" from The Divine Archer by FJ Gould (1911) and "Rama wins Sita" from Indian Myth and Legend by Donald A. MacKenzie (1913). I really liked the whole sequence revolving around Rama's arrival in Mithila, and the bow-breaking contest was really evocative of a lot of other mythological courtship stories. In both sources that I used, Rama does succeed in breaking the bow, and thus wins Sita's hand in a more traditional manner. There is also less dialogue between the two characters before the contest. The character of Sita seems relatively flat and lacks any kind of personal sovereignty in comparison to the male characters, so I tried giving her a bit more personality and agency. The change in the ending is probably the most direct example of this, but I think the dialogue helps to flesh out her character as well. For the finale,  I decided to have the couple stay together to maintain consistency with the broader story, and I tried to add a few more flirtatious lines to emphasize their attraction to each other as avatars of two divine lovers. This image does not show Rama in the act of breaking the bow, but rather, the aftermath while the bow lies in pieces on the ground; thus, it could be open to interpretation as to who really broke the bow. 

Reading Diary B: Public Domain Ramayana

The second part of this weeks readings seem to be a bit more action packed. I really liked all of the scenes after the introduction of Ravana and it feels like we're getting into the real meat of the story. A lot of the beginning scenes were too disconnected to really get a feel for the story but now I think it resembles what we could consider a more a traditional story. I'm sure part of this is also the nature of public domain edition, with sections coming from a number of authors and styles. If I have time, I'd really like to read the other version to see what it's like in comparison.

Defeat of Khara; source

As I said, the episodes with Ravana and his cohorts were very engaging and they made much more compelling antagonists than the other random Rakshasa. I also think it's very interesting that the act that ultimately spurred on a lot of these scenes was Rama's rejection of Shurpanakha. Women in the Ravayana seem to get the proverbial short end of the stick. Sita is the main female character but she doesn't really seem to have her own personality or any agency in her story: she gets kidnapped by a rakshasa, and she's tricked by Ravana. The majority of the other female characters have been monsters (the rakshasi) or the women of the court, who either have very little to do with the story or are scheming and manipulating the men. I understand that the traditional epic probably places an emphasis on the male characters for cultural/ideological reasons, it's just hard to not point out the disparity.

Reading Diary A: Public Domain Ramayana

Wayang puppet of Manthara; source

One of the most interesting parts for me so far has been seeing the family drama play out in Dasharatha's court. The plotting and scheming for the right to the throne reminds me a lot of how we think about medieval courts, especially in pop culture (eg. Game of Thrones). It's also really interesting to see these relatively mundane stories unfold while interspersed with accounts of more fantastic events like the fighting of the rakshasas. I picked the image of Manthara because she seems like a particularly interesting character in the court politics because she is a common person and not a part of the royal family. She occupies a different social sphere than the rest but she seems just as invested in who gets to be next-in-line as the others.

I also really liked the passage about the rakshasa woman, Thataka. Reading through her physical description, and seeing how she is referred to in relation to her son reminds me a lot of the mother of Grendel in Beowulf. Both are grotesque, otherworldly creatures and both are mothers to equally evil monsters that also try to kill the protagonist. It's a really interesting comparison when looking at everything from the surface, but it's been a very long time since I read Beowulf so I'm hesitant to look deeper into it.

Another episode that I found to be really enjoyable was the courting of Sita. As was said, it was highly evocative of traditional fairytales, and I couldn't help but think to a hundred other stories I've heard about how a protagonist has to win a contest to win the hand of a princess of maiden.